歐式雕塑的發(fā)展史

自舊石器時(shí)代晚期至歐洲文藝復(fù)興時(shí)期，在這段時(shí)期中出現(xiàn)了以埃及雕塑、希臘雕刻、羅馬雕刻、中世紀(jì)雕刻和文藝復(fù)興時(shí)期雕刻為代表的外國(guó)著名雕刻藝術(shù)。歐式雕塑至今已有幾千年的歷史，各個(gè)國(guó)家和地區(qū)、各個(gè)民族、各個(gè)時(shí)代的作品極其豐富、題材內(nèi)容廣泛、形式風(fēng)格多種多樣。

From the late Paleolithic age to the European Renaissance, there appeared some famous foreign sculpture art, such as Egyptian sculpture, Greek sculpture, Roman sculpture, medieval sculpture and Renaissance sculpture. Western sculpture has a history of thousands of years. The works of various countries, regions, nationalities and times are extremely rich, with a wide range of subjects and styles.

中正銅雕：古希臘歐式人物雕塑、天使女神歐式雕塑、自由女神歐式雕塑

這些亞非歐三大洲主要文明古國(guó)的優(yōu)秀作品，一直是世界文化藝術(shù)遺產(chǎn)的魂寶。西方最早的雕塑是在人類(lèi)為勞動(dòng)和生活需要?jiǎng)?chuàng)造生產(chǎn)力極低的勞動(dòng)工具--石器工具的同時(shí)創(chuàng)造的雕塑藝術(shù)《維倫多夫的維納斯》。作品產(chǎn)生于2.5萬(wàn)年前，這類(lèi)雕塑體積小，供原始人隨身攜帶，它們看來(lái)像是原始部落神圣的生育神，曾在歐洲流傳了很長(zhǎng)的時(shí)期。

These excellent works of the major ancient civilizations in Asia, Africa and Europe have always been the soul of the world cultural and artistic heritage. The earliest sculpture in the west is the sculpture art Venus of villendorff, which was created at the same time that human beings created a very low productivity tool stone tools for labor and life. The works were created 25000 years ago. These sculptures are small and can be carried by primitive people. They look like the sacred fertility gods of primitive tribes. They have been handed down in Europe for a long time.

新石器時(shí)代開(kāi)始后，人類(lèi)被迫放棄狩獵成為牧人、農(nóng)民，各種手工藝術(shù)得到了充分發(fā)展。此后，在墨西哥灣地區(qū)出現(xiàn)了古典前期文化即奧爾麥克文化，為滿(mǎn)足宗教需要，雕刻家們雕刻了許多巨大的石雕頭像。

Since the beginning of the Neolithic age, human beings have been forced to give up hunting and become herdsmen and farmers, and all kinds of handicrafts have been fully developed. Since then, in the Gulf of Mexico, there has been a pre classical culture, namely Olmec culture. In order to meet the religious needs, sculptors have carved many huge stone heads.

而古代埃及雕刻家也開(kāi)始了他們的創(chuàng)作，并且做出了巨大的貢獻(xiàn)。 作為人類(lèi)文明重要發(fā)祥地之一的古埃及，在雕塑藝術(shù)上曾結(jié)出了豐碩的果實(shí)。隨著社會(huì)生產(chǎn)力的發(fā)展與原始公社的瓦解，世界上先后出現(xiàn)了最早的奴隸制國(guó)家，古埃及就是其中之一。在公元前4000年左右，古埃及王國(guó)建立，實(shí)行奴隸主專(zhuān)制統(tǒng)治，國(guó)王法老掌握軍政大權(quán)。埃及的雕塑藝術(shù)大約始于公元前4000年，建筑業(yè)的誕生，孕育了藝術(shù)裝飾的萌芽。

And ancient Egyptian sculptors also began their creation, and made great contributions. As one of the important birthplaces of human civilization, ancient Egypt has produced rich fruits in sculpture art. With the development of social productive forces and the collapse of primitive communes, the earliest slavery countries appeared in the world, and ancient Egypt was one of them. Around 4000 B.C., the kingdom of ancient Egypt was established, under the autocratic rule of slave owners, and the king and the Pharaoh were in charge of military and political power. Egypt's sculpture art began about 4000 BC, the birth of the construction industry, gave birth to the germination of art decoration.